HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS
 
Infection by HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV / AIDS) is a spectrum of diseases caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) After the initial infection, a person may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness. This is typically followed by a long asymptomatic period. As the infection progresses, increasingly interfere with the immune system, making the person more susceptible to common infections such as tuberculosis and opportunistic infections and tumors that usually do not affect people who work the system immune. Later symptoms of the infection are known as AIDS. This stage is often complicated by a lung infection called pneumocystis pneumonia, severe weight loss, a type of cancer known as Kaposi's sarcoma and other AIDS-defining conditions.

HIV is transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse without protection (including anal and oral sex), transfusions of contaminated blood, needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. Some body fluids, such as saliva and tears do not transmit HIV. Common methods of preventing HIV / AIDS include encouraging safer sex, needle exchange programs, and treatment of those infected. There is no cure or vaccine; However, antiretroviral therapy can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. While antiretroviral treatment reduces the risk of death and complications of the disease, these drugs are expensive and have side effects. Without treatment, it is estimated that the average survival time after infection with HIV to be in 9-11 years, depending on the subtype of HIV.

Since its discovery, AIDS has caused an estimated 36 million deaths worldwide (as of 2012). In 2013 it led to a 1.34 million deaths. From 2012, approximately 35.3 million people live with HIV worldwide. HIV / AIDS is considered a pandemic outbreak of a disease that is present in a large area and is spreading actively. Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. AIDS was first recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and their cause HIV-infection was identified in the early part of the decade.

HIV / AIDS has had a major impact on society, both as a disease and as a source of discrimination. The disease also have significant economic impacts. There are many misconceptions about HIV / AIDS, such as the belief that it can be transmitted by nonsexual contact casual ideas. The disease has become the subject of much controversy involving religion. It's called medical care and international politics as well as large-scale financing since it was identified in the 1980s.