Shia شيعة

The Shiite or Shiite شيعة represent the second largest denomination of Islam.
The adherents of Shia Islam are called Shi'ites or Shias as Shia villages or individually. Shia is the abbreviated form of the historic phrase Shī'atu'Alī (شيعة علي) meaning "followers", "faction" or "party" of Muhammad son-in-law and cousin Ali, whom Shiites believe it is Muhammad's successor in the Caliphate. Twelve Shia (Ithnā'ashariyyah) is the largest branch of Shia Islam, Shia Muslim and the term is often taken to refer to Twelvers default. From 2009 Shiite Muslims constitute about 10-13% of the Muslim population in the world, Shiites make up 11-14% of the Muslim population in the Middle East and North Africa, and between 68% and 80% Shia lived in four countries: Iran, Pakistan, India and Iraq.
Shia Islam is based on the Quran and the message of the Islamic prophet Muhammad testified in hadith recorded by the Shiites, and certain books considered sacred for Shiite (Nahj al-Balagha). Ali Shia consider to have been appointed by God as the successor of Muhammad and as the first Imam. The Shia also extend this doctrine "Imami" to the family of Muhammad, the Ahl al-Bayt ('people of the house "), and certain individuals among his descendants, known as magnets, which they believe have the spiritual and political authority special about the community, infallibility, and other divinely ordained features. Although there are thousands of Shiites subsects modern Shiite Islam has been divided into three main groups: Twelvers, and Ismailis Zaidis.